Aso ebi culture, in its current form, adds an enormous volume of garments made specifically to be worn just once or twice in a space of 6 months to 1 year while still buying more.

The challenge of waste collection and disposal is not so much about social factors or individual disposition to clean conditions but structural and logistical issues that plague the entire value chain of waste management.

Yet the election also exposed and elevated the reality of the limits of movements that flourish online but struggle in the granular, unglamorous work of ground-level politics.